一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

構(gòu)成：由“have /has been +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

用法：表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在依然在進(jìn)行，并還可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：

the chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國(guó)人造紙有2000年了。(2000年前中國(guó)人開(kāi)始造紙，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)人還在造紙)

注：有的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)什么差別。如：

we’ve been living here since 1 990.

we’ve lived here since 1990. 從1990年起我們就在這里住了。

但有些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般不能用于完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：

i’ve known him for many years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)他有許多年了。

二、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

構(gòu)成：由“had been +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。

用法：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另外一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行并可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：

he was out of breath. he had been running. 他氣喘吁吁，他一直在跑著。

up till then she had been living with her son. 到那時(shí)為止她一直和她兒子一起住。

he gave up smoking last year. he’d been smoking for thirty years. 去年他戒煙了。他抽煙已經(jīng)30年。

he was very tired. he had been working all day. 他很累。他干了一整天活。

i heard you’d been looking for me. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你一直在找我。