英語中并列句的語法知識
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廣州新東方冬令營介紹在英語學習中的并列句的基本語法知識介紹。
廣州新東方冬令營介紹,由兩個或兩個以上互不依從的主謂結構構成的句子稱為并列句,各并列分句間用and, but, so, or等連詞連接,可以是并列、轉折、因果、選擇等關系
第一節(jié) 并列連詞
一、并列連詞
1. 最典型的并列連詞有:and, but, or, so, yet, for
i have studied english for almost 12 years, yet my spoken english is still very poor.
i was going to the cinema, but i lost my way.
we cann't get there at time for we have been out of gas.
2. 固定搭配使用的并列連詞:
not only…but (also), not only…but…(as well), both…and,
either…or, neither…nor, too…to,
such(…)as, the same….as, between…and
as well as(注意和副詞as well相區(qū)別), (not) so…as
as… as, not so much a as b(與其說a不如說b)
so/such a … that
例句:
1. the empire state building, once america's tallest, is now surpassed by both the sears tower in chicago and the world trade center in new york.
2. clocks not only measure and tell time but also serve as decoration in homes and other buildings.
3. a jewel is an ornament fashioned from precious metals or stones, either alone or in combination.
4. the boy is too young to lift this box.
5. according to psychologists, a person's attentions is attracted not so much by the intensity of different signal as by their context, significance and information content.
并列連詞的固定搭配是改錯題的重要考點,因此上述搭配必須渾熟于心,
第二節(jié) 平行結構
平行結構作為考點的出題率奇高,平均每套題中都有2-4道題目,因此必須引起高度重視。平行結構指的就是并列成分,不難理解和掌握。只要形成對and, or等詞的敏感,牢記上面的固定搭配使用的并列連詞(both…and, as well as 等),一看到這些詞就首先考慮平行結構,無論作填空還是改錯都是行之有效的方法。
平行結構可能是并列的名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、謂語動詞、分詞等
例題:
lillian d. wald, public health nurse and ----, was born in cincinnati ohio, in 1867.
(a) reforming society
(b) social reformer
(c) who reformed society
(d) her social reform
答案:b
解釋:and連接的是主語lillian d. wald(人名)的兩個并列同位語, public health nurse 是形容人的名詞詞組, 需填的部分應與其一致, a屬分詞詞組, c屬定語從句,d雖是名詞詞組, 中心詞是reform,它們均不符合題意.
注意:平行結構連接詞所連接的幾個單位在結構上,形式上應該盡量一致,比如上題的
public health nurse and social reformer, 都是形容詞修飾名詞。 再如例題6
第三節(jié) 并列句中的省略
并列句中當后面的分句與前面有相同部分時可進行省略,以避免重復,省略時前后要盡量保證結構的平衡
如:i major in history and my brother in chemistry.
he was eager to win her heart, but didn't know how.
toefl中有少量題目涉及這一語言現(xiàn)象
例題:
(1)
the photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, ----.
(a) the light is not on
(b) and not on light
(c) but is not on the light
(d) is not on light
答案:b
解釋:空格前是句子的主謂語, a, d可先排除;正確的搭配是depend on, 而不是is on, c也有誤;b是省略了的并列句,相當于and does not depend on light, 符合語法
(2)
nebraska has floods in some years, ----
(a) in others drought
(b) droughts are others
(c) while other droughts
(d) others in drought
答案:a
解釋:空格前是完整的主謂句,逗號不能連接句子,故主謂結構b可先排除;c從句少謂語;d語義不明;a是簡略的平行結構,相當于and drought in others (other years)。
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