動(dòng)名詞作主語如果太長，可以用形式主語it代替。learning english is very important .--- it's very important to learn english

廣州新東方冬令營分享：

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞

　　1.定義：動(dòng)詞除在句子中作謂語以外，還具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語等，這就是動(dòng)詞的非謂語動(dòng)詞�？煞譃槿�種：動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞。

　　2.動(dòng)詞不定式：to + 動(dòng)詞原形(在某些情況下可以不帶to )。(沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化)

　　○1 一般式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：to do , 被動(dòng)語態(tài)：to be + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生)

　　○2 進(jìn)行式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：to be doing , 被動(dòng)語態(tài)：無 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　○3 完成式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：to have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞，被動(dòng)語態(tài)：to have been +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語動(dòng)作之前就發(fā)生)

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主語：to learn a foreign language is not easy . = it's not easy to learn a foreign language .

　　b. 作表語：the most important thing is to finish the work on time .

　　c. 作賓語：

　　a. 動(dòng)詞+to do . he decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)

　　b. 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+to do i don't know where to put the bike .

　　c. 動(dòng)詞+形式賓語(it)+賓補(bǔ)+to do i find it important to learn a second foreign language .

　　d. 作補(bǔ)語：

　　a. 動(dòng)詞+賓語+to do tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow, encourage…)

　　b. 動(dòng)詞+賓語+不帶to的動(dòng)詞 he often saw tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)

　　e. 作狀語：

　　a. 表示目的：he went to guangzhou to see his sons . he got up early in order to catch the first bus .

　　b. 表示結(jié)果：he is too tired to walk any farther . they aren't old enough to go to school .

　　c. 表示原因：he is sorry to hear that . i am glad to see you .

　　f.作定語： i have something to tell you . i want to buy something to eat .

　　○5 動(dòng)詞不定式to 的省略：

　　a. 在感官動(dòng)詞feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役動(dòng)詞have, let, make等后面要省to，但在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要還原不定式to。

　　i often saw him go out of the room .-------- he was often seen to go out of the room by me .

　　b.在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。

　　○6 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not + to do ，有時(shí)也可以用-never + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　3.動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)詞原形+ing 。具有名詞、動(dòng)詞一些特征。

　　○1 一般式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：doing ，被動(dòng)語態(tài)：being + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生或之后發(fā)生)

　　○2 完成式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：having +動(dòng)詞過去分詞，被動(dòng)語態(tài)：having been +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前就發(fā)生)children enjoy watching animated cartoon . i don't remember having ever seen the film .

　　○3 動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)名詞(v-ing) i regret not being able to help you .

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作主語：

　　a. 動(dòng)名詞作主語如果太長，可以用形式主語it代替。learning english is very important .--- it's very important to learn english .

　　b. no + 動(dòng)名詞表示"禁止"。no smoking, no parking .

　　b. 作賓語：he finished doing his homework .

　　c. 作表語：his favourite sport is playing basketball .

　　d. 作定語：shopping basket, finishing line . (表明名詞的用途、功能等)

　　e. 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞所有格、形容詞物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞。do you mind my / wei fang's opening the window ?

　　4.分詞：動(dòng)詞原形+ing 。具有形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞一些特征。(可分為現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)

　　現(xiàn)在分詞

　　○1 一般式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：doing ，被動(dòng)語態(tài)：being + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　○2 完成式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：having +動(dòng)詞過去分詞，被動(dòng)語態(tài)：having been +動(dòng)詞過去分詞 (表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀

　　態(tài)之前就發(fā)生)

　　○3 動(dòng)名詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)名詞(v-ing) no understanding the meaning of the words, he couldn't explain the sentence .

　　○4 用法：

　　a. 作表語。the result is surprising .

　　b. 作定語。developing country (主謂關(guān)系) sleeping boy (boy 所做的動(dòng)作)

　　c. 作狀語。passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano . = when he was passing by the house , he saw a girl playing the piano .

　　d. 作賓補(bǔ)。i found him lying on the grass.

　　過去分詞

　　○1 形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+ed，和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。

　　○2 過去分詞的否定形式：not + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

　　○3 用法：

　　a. 作表語：my bike is broken . he is very worried .

　　b. 作定語：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken english .

　　c. 作狀語：asked why he was absent, he said he was ill . = when he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill .

　　d. 作賓補(bǔ)：you had better have your shoes mended . i had my hair cut yesterday .