一般將來(lái)時(shí)的具體用法
一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall或will加動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成,shall用于第一人稱,will用于第二、三人稱。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定、否定及疑問(wèn)機(jī)構(gòu)可表示如下:
上海英語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
i shall go.
i shall not go.
shall i go?
除英國(guó)以外的說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家,在陳述句中,即使在第一人稱一般也用will,在英國(guó)也有這種趨勢(shì),在口語(yǔ)中常緊縮為i’ll.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和情況:
i will (shall) arrive tomorrow.
will you be busy tonight?
the agreement will come into force next spring.
we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.
有時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或情況:
i will think it over.
who will take the chair?
will she come?
they won’t object it.
在以i 或 we 作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,一般用shall,這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)(a),或是詢問(wèn)一個(gè)情況(b):
a. shall i make a fair copy of it?
which book shall i read first?
where shall we meet?
b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?
when shall we have the rehearsal?
shall i be able to find them there?
在這類問(wèn)句中,近年來(lái)也有不少人用will,特別是美國(guó)。
what will we do?
how will get there?
which will i take?
注意在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般不能用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),而用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替:
i’ll let you have the book when i’m through.
they’ll fight till they win complete victory.
i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.
注:在兩種情況下條件從句可以用一般將來(lái)時(shí):
1. 表示愿望:
if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat.
2.主句的謂語(yǔ)表時(shí)現(xiàn)在的情況:
if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。
表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,除了一般將來(lái)時(shí)外,還有一些其他結(jié)構(gòu)和時(shí)態(tài):
1. be going +不定式(表打算、準(zhǔn)備作的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事):
we ‘re going to put up a building here.
how are you going to spend your holiday?
who is going to speak first?
2. be +不定式(表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事或用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)):
when is the factory to go into production?
the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.
am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work?
3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(限于某些動(dòng)詞,表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的事):
school finishes on january 18th.
we get off at the next stop.
when does the winter vacation begin?
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(限于某些動(dòng)詞,表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事):
we are having an english evening tonight.
they are playing some folk music next.
i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).
在單純表示將來(lái)情況,特別是談一連串的事情或在帶時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中,謂語(yǔ)多用將來(lái)時(shí):
next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.
he’ll come to see you when he has time.
he’ll tell you if you ask him.
在表示打算或準(zhǔn)備時(shí),如不提時(shí)間、條件等,多用be going to這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),用一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)很少的,特別是在口語(yǔ)中:
he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少說(shuō)he will buy a dictionary.)
在談即將發(fā)生的情況時(shí),用be going to 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也多一些。在表示按計(jì)劃安排要做得事時(shí),用be to 的時(shí)候也不少。另外還有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。
注:be about to 可表示即將作某事
we are about to leave.
he is about to retire.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)有時(shí)還可用來(lái)表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作:
a drowning man will catch at a straw.
crops will die without water.
oil will float on water.
注:這一時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)用來(lái)表示揣測(cè)(a)或容量(b):
a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.
b. the hall will seat 500people.







