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一般將來(lái)時(shí)的具體用法

來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)    點(diǎn)擊率:    發(fā)布: 2013-10-31
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一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall或will加動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成,shall用于第一人稱,will用于第二、三人稱。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的肯定、否定及疑問(wèn)機(jī)構(gòu)可表示如下:


 上海英語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 一般將來(lái)時(shí)

  i shall go.

  i shall not go.

  shall i go?

  除英國(guó)以外的說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家,在陳述句中,即使在第一人稱一般也用will,在英國(guó)也有這種趨勢(shì),在口語(yǔ)中常緊縮為i’ll.

  一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和情況:

  i will (shall) arrive tomorrow.

  will you be busy tonight?

  the agreement will come into force next spring.

  we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.

  有時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或情況:

  i will think it over.

  who will take the chair?

  will she come?

  they won’t object it.

  在以i 或 we 作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中,一般用shall,這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)(a),或是詢問(wèn)一個(gè)情況(b):

  a. shall i make a fair copy of it?

  which book shall i read first?

  where shall we meet?

  b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?

  when shall we have the rehearsal?

  shall i be able to find them there?

  在這類問(wèn)句中,近年來(lái)也有不少人用will,特別是美國(guó)。

  what will we do?

  how will get there?

  which will i take?

  注意在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,一般不能用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),而用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替:

  i’ll let you have the book when i’m through.

  they’ll fight till they win complete victory.

  i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.

  注:在兩種情況下條件從句可以用一般將來(lái)時(shí):

  1. 表示愿望:

  if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat.

  2.主句的謂語(yǔ)表時(shí)現(xiàn)在的情況:

  if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。

  表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,除了一般將來(lái)時(shí)外,還有一些其他結(jié)構(gòu)和時(shí)態(tài):

  1. be going +不定式(表打算、準(zhǔn)備作的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事):

  we ‘re going to put up a building here.

  how are you going to spend your holiday?

  who is going to speak first?

  2. be +不定式(表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事或用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)):

  when is the factory to go into production?

  the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.

  am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work?

  3.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(限于某些動(dòng)詞,表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的事):

  school finishes on january 18th.

  we get off at the next stop.

  when does the winter vacation begin?

  4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(限于某些動(dòng)詞,表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事):

  we are having an english evening tonight.

  they are playing some folk music next.

  i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).

  在單純表示將來(lái)情況,特別是談一連串的事情或在帶時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中,謂語(yǔ)多用將來(lái)時(shí):

  next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.

  he’ll come to see you when he has time.

  he’ll tell you if you ask him.

  在表示打算或準(zhǔn)備時(shí),如不提時(shí)間、條件等,多用be going to這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),用一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)很少的,特別是在口語(yǔ)中:

  he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少說(shuō)he will buy a dictionary.)

  在談即將發(fā)生的情況時(shí),用be going to 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也多一些。在表示按計(jì)劃安排要做得事時(shí),用be to 的時(shí)候也不少。另外還有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

  注:be about to 可表示即將作某事

  we are about to leave.

  he is about to retire.

  一般將來(lái)時(shí)有時(shí)還可用來(lái)表示一種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作:

  a drowning man will catch at a straw.

  crops will die without water.

  oil will float on water.

  注:這一時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)用來(lái)表示揣測(cè)(a)或容量(b):

  a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.

  b. the hall will seat 500people.

 

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