賓語(yǔ)從句用法
賓語(yǔ)從句是用作賓語(yǔ)的從句,它也是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。在學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 必須注意以下五個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:
一、 注意正確使用引導(dǎo)詞
1. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由陳述句變化而來(lái)時(shí),用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句,其中的that無(wú)具體意義,一般可以省略。如:
i hear (that) she’s going to give me a call.
li tao thought (that) the tv play was interesting.
2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí), 可用if 或whether 來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句,意為“是否”。如:
david asked her if/whether she slept well last night.
3. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)時(shí),用連接代詞who/whose/what/which 或連接副詞when/where /why/how 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如:
do you know where we can stay on the island?
i don’t know why jane was late for school this morning.
二、 注意正確使用語(yǔ)序
在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,賓語(yǔ)從句都要使用陳述語(yǔ)序,即:引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它,還要注意原來(lái)的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要符合相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
when did the train leave? i want to know. →i want to know when the train left.
does the shop close at six every day? do you know?→do you know if/whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、注意正確使用時(shí)態(tài)
1. 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)態(tài)不受限制,可以根據(jù)實(shí)際表達(dá)的需要來(lái)確定。如:
i hear he is here today/he was here yesterday/he will be here tomorrow.
2.如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí), 賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)與主句保持一致,即使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。如:
he said he was watching tv/he had swept the floor/he would play football after school.
3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句所敘述的是客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、科學(xué)真理等時(shí),從句不受主句限制,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.
四、 注意否定提前
當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, believe, suppose 等動(dòng)詞時(shí),且主語(yǔ)為第一人稱,從句的否定提前。如:
i don’t believe he is a doctor, is he?
五、 注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
在 find, make, think 等一些可帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后,為保持句子平衡,常將實(shí)際賓語(yǔ)(主要是that 引導(dǎo)的從句)后置,而使用形式賓語(yǔ)it.如:
i think it important that we should learn english well.
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