一、語態(tài)概述

英語的語態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：many people speak chinese.

謂語：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：chinese is spoken by many people.主語english是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。

二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的�，F(xiàn)以speak為例說明被動(dòng)語態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋spoken

一般過去時(shí)：was／were＋spoken

一般將來時(shí)：will／shall be＋spoken

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／are being＋spoken

過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being＋spoken

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／has been＋spoken

過去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken

三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

例如：some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。（不知道電腦是誰偷的）

this bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

例如：the glass was broken by mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

this book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時(shí)完成。
四、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法

（1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。

（2）把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)（be＋過去分詞） （根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式）。

（3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：

all the people laughed at him.

he was laughed at by all people.

they make the bikes in the factory.

the bikes are made by them in the factory.

he cut down a tree.

a tree was cut down by him.

五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后“to”仍要保留。

we can repair this watch in two days.

this watch can be repaired in two days.

they should do it at once.

it should be done at once.

六、特殊情況

1.he made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

the boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2.mother never lets me watch tv .

i am never let to watch tv by mother.

3.jack gave peter a christmas present just now.

（1）a christmas present was given to peter by jack just now.

（2）peter was given a christmas present by jack just now.