廣州新東方冬令營稱，說明文用平實(shí)的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如機(jī)器的制造過程、自然或社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃或問題的解決方案等等。

說明文的閱讀方法
廣州新東方冬令營稱，說明文用平實(shí)的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如機(jī)器的制造過程、自然或社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因、工程項(xiàng)目的規(guī)劃或問題的解決方案等等，介紹自然科學(xué)、社會科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果，社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的新生事物等等。說明事物可采用多種方式：例如舉例、分類法或類比、對比法，給事物下定義或分析事物產(chǎn)生的原因以及后果。舉例說明文使用例子說明事物闡明觀點(diǎn)；分解展開法著重于事物的區(qū)別、差異，分類展開法則強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的相似之處；類比說明事物如何相似，對比說明事物如何不同；因果說明文表明事物發(fā)生的原因及結(jié)果。除了用文字說明以外，說明文中常常使用數(shù)據(jù)、圖片等資料。
　　無論采用什么說明方法，作者都是為了說明事物的本質(zhì)特征、清晰地展現(xiàn)所說明的事物。
　　因此，閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵是：抓住事物的特點(diǎn)，即抓住說明對象的本質(zhì)特征。
　　下面具體看看兩篇說明文。
　�。�05 重慶卷 b 段）
　　reading is very important to help you learn english. to learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of english. this book provides not only different kinds of english but also a good way to check your reading ability.
　　there are four parts in the book:
　　part 1 is messages: in this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.
　　there is a test on timetables and a test on text messages.
　　part 2 is people: in this part all the tests are about people. for example, there is an informal letter between friends. there is formal (正式的) english in biography (傳記) . there is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.
　　part 3 is places: in this part, too. many different kinds of english are shown, some informal and some formal. there is the informal english of a holiday postcard．there is also the formal english in a letter of complaint.
　　part 4 is things: you will find some descriptive writing in this part. there are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.
　　you can do these tests in any order you like, or you can do all the tests with a formal or informal text.
　　i enjoyed writing this book and i hope you enjoy using it.
　　解析：這篇文章使用淺顯平實(shí)的語言詳細(xì)介紹了這本書的4個部分的內(nèi)容。說明的重點(diǎn)在書的內(nèi)容，這本書的特征體現(xiàn)在它的內(nèi)容。抓住了這一特點(diǎn)，也就讀懂了這篇文章，再來做理解題，就容易多了�？纯聪嚓P(guān)的理解題：
　　59．we can find the introduction to a product in         .
　　a．part 1 b．part 2 c．part 3 d．part 4
　　60．which of the following is most probably written in informal english?
　　a．a(chǎn) letter of complaint. b．a(chǎn) computer handbook.
　　c．a(chǎn) letter to a friend． d．a(chǎn) story of a president.
　　61．the passage is most probably written for         .
　　a．test designers  b．students  c．test-takers  d．teachers
　　62．what is the best title of the book?
　　a．test your reading  b．help with your writing
　　c．learn different kinds of english  d．practise english in different ways
　�。▍⒖即鸢福篸cba）

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