廣州新東方冬令營介紹在英語學(xué)習(xí)中關(guān)于it做主語的句式介紹。

      廣州新東方冬令營介紹在英語學(xué)習(xí)中關(guān)于it做主語的句式介紹。

     代詞it在英文中有著特殊的地位，它不僅可代表時(shí)間、天氣、距離等特定概念，如:
　　
　　it's raining heavily.
　　
　　it's two o'clock in the afternoon.
　　
　　而且, it還可作形式主語, 形式賓語，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，可謂威力無窮
　　
　　第一節(jié) 形式主語句
　　
　　作為形式主語的it并無實(shí)際語義，只是為滿足語法上的需要，避免句子頭重腳輕，它代替的是句子的邏輯主語，概括起來會(huì)有如下情況：
　　
　　1. 句子的邏輯主語為不定式
　　
　　如：it is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.
　　
　　it is my pleasure to address the meeting.
　　
　　it was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own.
　　
　　2. 句子的邏輯主語為從句
　　
　　如：it so happened that the tickets were sold out.
　　
　　it is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity.
　　
　　it suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden between the layers of the briefcase.
　　
　　3. 句子的邏輯主語為動(dòng)名詞短語
　　
　　這類句子遠(yuǎn)不如前面兩種出現(xiàn)率高，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use, dangerous）等詞語的后面用
　　
　　如：it is no use reasoning with him.
　　
　　it is no good reading in dim light.
　　
　　例題：
　　
　　(1)
　　
　　sometimes----to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.
　　
　　(a) difficult
　　
　　(b) is difficult
　　
　　(c) it is difficult
　　
　　(d) that it is difficult
　　
　　答案：c
　　
　　解釋：給出部分是不定式短語, 缺主謂結(jié)構(gòu), a b都不完整, d 是從句形式, 只有c 包含形式主語it及謂語is difficult
　　
　　(2)
　　
　　in 1938, when benny goodman's orchestra presented a concert at the prestigious carnegie hall, ---- was clear that jazz had at last been fully accepted.
　　
　　(a) there
　　
　　(b) which
　　
　　(c) and
　　
　　(d) it
　　
　　答案：d
　　
　　解釋：空格前是句子的時(shí)間狀語, 之后是謂語, 空格處需要主語, b、d可先排除; 此句顯然不是there be句式, 所以只有d可作形式主語, 邏輯主語是that之后的部分

　　
　　第二節(jié) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　
　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it作形式主語可以替代任何被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分
　　
　　基本模式：it + be + 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
　　
　　如：it was only you who cared for me. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
　　
　　it is his sister whom /that i have fallen in love with. (強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)
　　
　　it was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)
　　
　　it was last week that i attended an art exhibit for the first time. (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)
　　
　　it was not until he broke my favorite vase that i flew into rages. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句)
　　
　　注意：強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象是人時(shí)，可用who, whom或that, 其余情況一律用that; 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做主語時(shí)用who/that, 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)象在從句中做賓語時(shí)用whom/that.
　　
　　例題：
　　
　　(1)
　　
　　in bacteria and in other organisms, ---- is the nucleic acid dna that provides the genetic information.
　　
　　(a) both
　　
　　(b) which
　　
　　(c) and
　　
　　(d) it
　　
　　答案：d
　　
　　解釋：空格前是狀語，空格后是典型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，空格處需要形式主語it, 只能選d
　　
　　(2)
　　
　　---- who was the first black woman to run for the office of president of the united states in 1972.
　　
　　(a) shirley s. chisholm
　　
　　(b) it was shirley s. chisholm
　　
　　(c) shirley s. chisholm was
　　
　　(d) when shirley s. chisholm
　　
　　答案：b
　　
　　解釋：空格后是定語從句，空格處需要句子的主謂語，a, d使原句只有從句無主句；c缺少從句的先行詞；b構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，符合語法

　　
　　第三節(jié) 形式賓語

　　
　　在“動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)賓語是不定式、從句或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，需用it作形式賓語接在動(dòng)詞之后，將邏輯賓語移至補(bǔ)足語之后
　　
　　注意: 常接it做形式賓語的動(dòng)詞有: find, think, make, feel, deem, consider等.
　　
　　如：his cooperation made it possible for us to fulfill the demands of our clients.
　　
　　she decided to make it clear that she would never yield to authority.
　　
　　i believe it no use crying over spilt milk.
　　
　　例題：
　　
　　(1)
　　
　　variables such as individual and corporate behavior ----nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.
　　
　　(a) make
　　
　　(b) make it
　　
　　(c) it makes
　　
　　(d) makes it
　　
　　答案：b
　　
　　解釋：此句謂語殘缺，由主語是復(fù)數(shù)可排除c、d, 因短語make possible賓語為不定式時(shí)要用形式賓語it, a也被排除
　　
　　(2)
　　
　　using many symbols makes ---- to put a large amount of information on a single map.
　　
　　(a) possible
　　
　　(b) it possible
　　
　　(c) it is possible
　　
　　(d) that possible
　　
　　答案：b
　　
　　解釋：在詞組make possible中，當(dāng)make的賓語是不定式短語時(shí)，需由it作形式賓語，此題恰是這種情況，故選b。