英語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)介紹
廣州新東方冬令營(yíng)介紹在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中英語(yǔ)中的個(gè)個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)介紹。
廣州新東方冬令營(yíng)介紹,英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的顯著區(qū)別之一就是英語(yǔ)有時(shí)態(tài)之分,不同的時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞的不同形式, 以及句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)體現(xiàn)。toefl最常考的兩種時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí).
第一節(jié) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式可概括為:have /has (用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)) done /been
如:she's just gone out.
they have already finished the task.
i haven't met him recently
has he told you about the accident?
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用于表示說(shuō)話(huà)之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響,或是由過(guò)去某點(diǎn)延續(xù)至說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的動(dòng)作,完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:already, yet, just, ever, since, for,so far, up to now, in the past years等
toefl考試中改錯(cuò)題的考察重點(diǎn)是since, 如句中有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必然是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),反之要注意句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是否符合完成時(shí)的要求,若不符,大多改為since
第二節(jié) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本特征是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去式(was /were /did),主要用于表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,如:
she used to play tennis every week.
when did you go to bed last night?
was he on the spot?
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞為表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:
ago, last year, yesterday, just now, at first, in the end, in 1887等
第三節(jié) 其他重要時(shí)態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于表示經(jīng)常往復(fù)的動(dòng)作或自然現(xiàn)象、客觀事實(shí)等,其難點(diǎn)在于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(be除外)結(jié)尾需加-s, 其變化規(guī)則和名詞變復(fù)數(shù)一樣。而且句子的否定式、疑問(wèn)式需借助do, does. 此時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞有:often, always, never, usually, every day等
如: he often plays tennis after school.
the moon moves around the earth every day.
二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于描述說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,基本形式為:be doing,其標(biāo)志詞為:now, right now, at the moment等.
如: at the moment the representatives are discussing the current international affairs.
the water is boiling.
三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)的組合,即:have /has been doing,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在仍在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
如: the orchestra have been rehearsing since this morning.
the child has been crying since his mother left.
四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,基本形式:was /were doing, 標(biāo)志形時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: 10 o'clock yesterday evening, last night等, 另外當(dāng)從句是表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 主句中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候, …正在做…”.
如: what were you doing 8 o'clock yesterday morning?
i was working on the last question when the teacher asked us to turn in our papers.
五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說(shuō)話(huà)(現(xiàn)在)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 而過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前發(fā)生的事件,基本形式:had been/ done, 其標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: by (before) 12 o'clock last night等, 或者當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之前, 而從句的謂語(yǔ)又是過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí).
如: he had finished his work by (before) 9 o'clock yesterday evening.
i had tried this brand of ice cream before you introduced it to me.
六、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)用于表示將來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,基本形式:shall /will do, 或be going to do, 其標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, the next week, the next year等.
如: the play will be on show the next week.
how are we going to spend the next ten hours?
七、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)用于表示相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,基本形式:should /would do, 多用在表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的上下文中.
如: she asked what she should do to please her parents.
the farmer concluded that it was going to rain soon.