英語(yǔ)閱讀填空的幾種題型介紹
英語(yǔ)閱讀題是中國(guó)英語(yǔ)考試常見的題型,新航道英語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)將英語(yǔ)閱讀題分為以下幾種題型:
英語(yǔ)閱讀題是中國(guó)英語(yǔ)考試常見的題型,新航道英語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)將英語(yǔ)閱讀題分為以下幾種題型:
一、主旨大意題
主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷)中心思想的概括。做這類題時(shí),考生應(yīng)通讀全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同時(shí)
注意文章的主題句,因?yàn)橹黝}句表達(dá)中心思想,其他句子均圍繞主題句進(jìn)行展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地
方,但位于段落中間(通常是第一段或最后一段的中間)也是完全可能的。主旨大意題的考查形式很多,如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段意、中心思想等
。請(qǐng)看2005年浙江卷中的一個(gè)段落:
in the course of working my way through school,i took many jobs i would rather forget. but none of these jobs was as dreadful as my
job in an apple plant. the work was hard; the pay was poor; and,most of all,the working conditions were terrible.
◎what is the subject discussed in the text?
a. the writer’s unhappy school life.
b. the writer’s eagerness to earn money.
c. the writer’s experience as a full-time worker.
d. the writer’s hard work in an apple plant.
原文共有五個(gè)自然段,上面摘錄的只是文章的第1個(gè)自然段,如果考生訓(xùn)練有素的話,只要讀完這個(gè)段落就可猜出此題的答案了。因?yàn)槲恼?/p>
第一句說(shuō)in the course of working my way through school,i took many jobs i would rather forget,接著作者用 but 引出一個(gè)新的情況(即主題
句):none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下來(lái)又說(shuō):the work was hard;the pay was poor; and,most
of all,the working conditions were terrible. 聰明的讀者至此應(yīng)該可以猜測(cè)到,下面的幾個(gè)段落肯定是介紹這個(gè) apple plant 的 work 是如何的
hard,它的 pay是如何的 poor,它的working conditions 是如何的 terrible 等。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有選項(xiàng) d 所表述內(nèi)容合乎上面的分析,故選 d
。
二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
顧名思義,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題即指針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的命題方法很多,如可能是對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后
進(jìn)行考查,也可能是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)(通常是四個(gè))放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項(xiàng)或選出錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng))或?qū)讉(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排
序等。解答這類試題時(shí),一個(gè)常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法,即根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子,與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答
案(此時(shí)要特別注意一些常見的同義轉(zhuǎn)換或簡(jiǎn)單換算)。請(qǐng)看2005年安徽卷中的一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題:
tuition fees(學(xué)費(fèi))
tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. for further information:
tui@waikato. ac. nz
accommodation(住宿)
you can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat,which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for
one person. for further information: ave@walkato. ac. nz
◎you have to pay at least_____________a year if you study at the university of waikato.
a. $5,250b. $8,000
c. $9,000 d. $11,000
根據(jù) tuition fees 一節(jié)的內(nèi)容可知,一年的學(xué)費(fèi)最低為5000美元,再根據(jù) accommodation (住宿)一節(jié)可知,除學(xué)費(fèi)外,還有住宿費(fèi)(每
月100美元)和生活費(fèi)(每月150美元),即一年大約共3000美元,所以在 waikato 大學(xué)讀書一年至少要花費(fèi)5000+3000=8000美元,故答案
為b。
三、代詞指代題
這類題要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文推測(cè)代詞的指代意義,它主要考查考生在一定語(yǔ)境中對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的正確理解。做這類題時(shí),考生不
僅要讀懂相關(guān)句子的句意,理順相關(guān)句子的邏輯關(guān)系,還要學(xué)會(huì)合理變通,尤其要學(xué)會(huì)變通理解其中的同義表達(dá)。請(qǐng)看2005年天津卷中的一個(gè)
片斷和一個(gè)道詞義猜測(cè)題:
many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem,often over fairly long
periods of time. indeed,it would be strange if they had not done this. nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything
very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. the act of discovery,even in the
relatively predictable(可以預(yù)見的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning,involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the
problem situation into a solution situation. as we have seen,everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the
rules gained in the past,which is involved in the solution.
◎what does the underlined word “this” refer to?
a. great contributions to the society.
b. long-time study of the subject matter.
c. various statements about problem solving.
d. complete devotion to artistic creation.
此題答案選b。答案的直接依據(jù)是文章中的 many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject
matter of the problem,often over fairly long periods of time. indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 這兩句話。從句意和句子
結(jié)構(gòu)上看, this 在此指代的應(yīng)是 they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long
periods of time,比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有 b 與之吻合,因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中的 long-time 與原文中的over fairly long periods of time 屬同義表達(dá),選項(xiàng)中的
study of the subject matter 與原文中的 devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem 屬同義表達(dá)。
四、詞義猜測(cè)題
即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。它是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),同學(xué)們應(yīng)充分重視。猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法很多,常用
的有同義解釋法、因果推斷法、前后對(duì)比法、基本構(gòu)詞法、語(yǔ)境理解法、舉例說(shuō)明法、常識(shí)背景法、類屬分析法等。請(qǐng)看2005年安徽卷中一道
詞義猜測(cè)題:
more american people take their troubles with them on holiday,according to a new survey. although 40 percent said that the main
reason for going away is to escape pressure(壓力) from work, almost all said they worry more than they do at home. only four in every
100 said that they are happy and free of care.
◎the underlined word “survey” in the first paragraph most probably means_____________
a. research b. reviewc. exhibition d. examination
此題答案選 a。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),同時(shí)結(jié)合常識(shí),文中所提到的事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)該是“調(diào)查和研究”得出的(其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)可排除)。
五、推理判斷題
即要求考生在理解原文文字表面信息的基礎(chǔ)上,作出一定的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)
的高層次閱讀理解題,做這類題目時(shí),同學(xué)們應(yīng)嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣等,找出能夠表現(xiàn)作者思想傾向
和感情色彩的詞語(yǔ),然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷,從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。此時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意:當(dāng)問(wèn)及作者的看法、意圖與態(tài)
度時(shí),不要誤認(rèn)為是在問(wèn)“你”(考生)的想法。
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