語語法特輯---形容詞副詞
句型:1) a + 謂 + as + 原級 + as + b
新航道英語冬令營:體驗異國風(fēng)情。
adj.表示人和事物的特征,對名詞起修飾和描繪作用
adv. 表示動作特征或性狀,主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及整個句子
一、形容詞、副詞的比較級
1.原級:表示a與b在某方面相同。
句型:1) a + 謂 + as + 原級 + as + b
2) a + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級 + as + b
注意:not as / so… as = less …than 不及;不如
eg. 1)this girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)you don’t eat so much as i.
3)this book isn’t as interesting as that one
= this book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比較級:兩者進行比較(常與than連用)
1)i am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。
2)he runs faster than jim 他比jim跑得快。
3)i picked more apples than jim.我比你摘的蘋果多。
4)which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書更有趣,這本還是那本?
3.最高級:三者(或三者以上)進行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語連用)
( 注意:of + 個體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
eg. 1)shanghai is the biggest city in china.
2)he runs fastest in our class.
3)he is the tallest of the three boys.
4)which is the easiest, lesson1, lesson2 or lesson3 ?
4.形、副比較等級的其他用法
1) “比較級and 比較級” 表示 “越來越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越來越懶
(但注意:如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越來越漂亮
2) “the比較級,the比較級” “越……,越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懶,收獲越少。
3) “the比較級of +二者” “二者中較……的一個”
eg. 1) lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) of(a) the two books(b) this one(c) is thicker(d). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級”
eg. he’s a head taller than me.
my brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……幾倍”時用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)this book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價錢是那本書的兩倍。
6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older(年齡較老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. my ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離“較遠的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更進一步的”)
eg.1)he went abroad for ________ studies.
2)fusun is _________ from our school than zhaohua.
二、形、副比較等級還應(yīng)注意
1.比較級前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still來加強語氣,表示“……一點兒;……得多 ; 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點兒
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意:不能在比較級前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比較級必須是同類事物相比(即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語是同類事物),注意常用漏的代詞有:that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)the apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.
2)our bedroom is bigger than lily.
3.表示“第二、第三……”時,可在最高級前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)
eg. the changjiang river is the first longest river in china. 改錯:________________
4.形、副比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則
a、規(guī)則變化
①一般在詞尾加er或est
、谝詄結(jié)尾的只加r或st
、垡暂o音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先變y為i,再加er或est
、芤灾刈x閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,先雙寫最末的一個輔音字母,再加er或est
5.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞,前加more為比較級,加(the)most為最高級
6、不規(guī)則變化
原級比較級最高級
good/wellbetterbest
many/muchmoremost
bad/ill/badlyworseworst
littlelessleast
oldolder/elderoldest/eldest
farfarther
furtherfarthest
furthest
4)在形容詞的最高級前一般加the, 副詞的最高級前一般不加the (但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、所有格時則不再加the)。
eg. lily is my the best friend.(改錯) ________
5)形容詞作表語、定語,修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語,只能表語,如:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
三、注意:副詞的種類、用法及位置
1.副詞的種類
(1)時間副詞
、俦硎敬篌w時間:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so faf
、诒硎绢l率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never
、燮渌饔茫篴lready,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally
(2)地點副詞
、俦淼攸c:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere
、诒砦恢藐P(guān)系(后接賓語時,用作介詞):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past
(3)方式副詞 表示謂語動詞“怎樣地”,(此類副詞大部分由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly
(4)程度副詞 多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞或副詞:much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly
(5)疑問副詞 構(gòu)成特殊疑問句:how,when, where,why
(6)連接副詞 連接主語、賓語或表語從句:how,when,where,why
(7)關(guān)系副詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句:when,where,why
(8)其它性質(zhì)的副詞 對整個句子進行說明,一般用逗號與主句隔開:frankly(坦率地說,說真的),generally(一般說來),luckily(幸運地是),first of all(首先)等。