武漢英語(yǔ)冬令營(yíng)，名詞的主謂一致性

武漢新東方酷學(xué)酷玩冬令營(yíng)  語(yǔ)法講解
1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系

　　a) 由and連接兩個(gè)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)

　　a and b分為以下四種情況：

　　i. a、b表示不同的人、物或者觀念的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　li ming and zhang hua are good students.

　　both the parents and the children are here.

　　ii. a、b表示同一個(gè)人、物或者觀念的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式

　　a journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.

　　the turner and fitter is under twenty-five.

　　iii. and連接幾個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)由each、 every、 no、 many a等詞修飾的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)

　　each boy and each girl is invited.

　　every boy and girl is invited.

　　no boy and no girl is there now.

　　iv. a、b為兩個(gè)不可分的東西時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.

　　bread and butter is nutritious.

　　b) 由or, not only… but also …, either… or …, neither… nor …連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)與靠近的主語(yǔ)一致 （注意，敘述句和疑問(wèn)句隨語(yǔ)序不同而不同）

　　either you or i am mad.

　　neither you nor he is naughty.

　　not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.

　　c) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等詞的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受詞組的影響，僅和主語(yǔ)保持一致

　　all but one were here just now.

　　a library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.

　　2. 單一主語(yǔ)的情況

　　a) 以復(fù)數(shù)形式結(jié)尾的統(tǒng)稱名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，例如physics, maths, economics, news, means, works, 等一般在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中用單數(shù)形式, 當(dāng)然，若表示復(fù)數(shù)的意思則另當(dāng)別論

　　physics is very important.

　　every means has been tried.

　　b) 當(dāng)由至少兩個(gè)部分組成的工具的名稱，或者衣服的名稱等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors, goods, clothers等，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果這些詞由pair(suit, piece, series,kind)+ of修飾的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)

　　my trousers are white and his clothes are black.

　　a pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.

　　但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　these kinds of glasses are popular this summer.