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定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)分析

來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)    點(diǎn)擊率:    發(fā)布: 2013-12-30
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廣州新東方冬令營(yíng)介紹在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中常見的定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)分析。


 廣州新東方冬令營(yíng)介紹,在句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的句子就叫做定語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的,修飾從句的先行詞。
  
  考點(diǎn)一 先行詞
  
  先行詞嚴(yán)格的講不是從句的一部分,但由于它是從句修飾的對(duì)象,對(duì)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇、從句謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)都起著決定作用,直接影響到定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致問題
  
  例如:如果先行詞是the girl,表示人,則引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)是who或whom或that, 從句謂語(yǔ)必須是第三人稱單數(shù)形式;
  
  she is the girl whom i saw in the zoo yesterday.
  
  she is the girl who sells computer.
  
  如果先行詞是the goods, 則引導(dǎo)詞是that或which, 從句謂語(yǔ)是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式
  
  do you get the photos that i sent last week.
  
  例題:
  
  resin is a substance that ---- in water.
  
  (a) does not dissolve
  
  (b) do not dissolve
  
  (c) not dissolving
  
  (d) not dissolved
  
  答案:a
  
  解釋:此句主句是系表結(jié)構(gòu),表語(yǔ)substance由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾, 空格處需要從句的謂語(yǔ),c和d都是分詞,無(wú)法獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),首先排除;substance是單數(shù),依據(jù)從句主謂一致原則,動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是單數(shù),故a正確

 


  
  考點(diǎn)二 關(guān)系代詞
  
  大部分定語(yǔ)從句都由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),主要的關(guān)系代詞包括:that, who, which, whom, whose,
  
  其中可以代替人(指先行詞)的是:that, who, whom;
  
  代替物的是that, which;
  
  whose之前既可接人又可接物,但必須和名詞搭配使用。
  
  關(guān)系代詞在從句中必須承擔(dān)語(yǔ)法成分,可作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):
  
  作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞是:that, who, which, whose,它們?cè)趶木渲胁豢墒÷裕?br>  
  作賓語(yǔ)的是:that, whom, which, 它們?cè)趶木渲锌墒÷?br>  
  注意:在作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞中whose是唯一可和另一名詞連用的
  
  作從句主語(yǔ)的句子,如:
  
  she's got a parrot that / which can speak “hello”.
  
  he' the man who /that takes charge of this department.
  
  have you noticed the lady whose hair has gone grey?
  
  作從句賓語(yǔ)的句子,如:
  
  is she the one (whom /that) you're looking for?(for之后不要加her)
  
  show me the book (that /which) you read just now.(read之后不要加it)

 


  
  考點(diǎn)三 介詞前置于關(guān)系代詞
  
  當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可以前置于關(guān)系代詞,此時(shí)關(guān)系代詞不能省略,而且只能用which或whom.
  
  如:this is the road by which we came.
  
  that is the man about whom we have heard so much.
  
  注意:先行詞為the way的定語(yǔ)從句中in which習(xí)慣上可以省略
  
  this is the way (in which) i make the problem out.
  
  例題:
  
  (1)
  
  and ideal is a standard ---- people judge phenomena.
  
  (a) how
  
  (b) of
  
  (c) by which
  
  (d) for it
  
  答案:c
  
  解釋:空格前后都是主謂結(jié)構(gòu),可知需填入從句引導(dǎo)詞,b, d可先排除;依句意應(yīng)構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句,故選c
  
  (2)
  
  in reorganizing the curriculum of mt. holyoke college in the late1800's elizabeth mead laid the foundation ---- the modern college rests.
  
  (a) is which
  
  (b) on which
  
  (c) which is on
  
  (d) on it
  
  答案:b
  
  解釋:空格前后都有主謂結(jié)構(gòu), 顯然空格處需要從句引導(dǎo)詞, a、d可先排除, 從句已有主語(yǔ)college, c也肯定不對(duì), 只有b是正確的定語(yǔ)從句, 其中詞組rest on中的介詞前置于關(guān)系代詞which

 


  
  考點(diǎn)四 關(guān)系副詞
  
  定語(yǔ)從句還可以由關(guān)系副詞when, where或why引導(dǎo),關(guān)系副詞在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)
  
  如:have you ever been to the house where he used to live? (where=in which)
  
  i could hardly forget the day when my uncle passed away. (when=on which)
  
  tell me the reason why i am fired. (why=for which)
  
  例題:
  
  (1)
  
  the knee is the joint----the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
  
  (a) when
  
  (b) where
  
  (c) why
  
  (d) which
  
  答案:b
  
  解釋:空白處前后都包含主謂結(jié)構(gòu), 句意上后句是對(duì)前句joint一詞的解釋, 可推知需要填入定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞, 又因從句中主謂賓語(yǔ)俱全, 可知缺少的是表地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞, 那末a、c、d 均可排除

 


  
  考點(diǎn)五 定語(yǔ)從句類別
  
  定語(yǔ)從句可分為限定性和非限定性兩種,其主要區(qū)別為:
  
  1. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。
  
  2. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,引導(dǎo)詞一般不用that,
  
  在修飾人時(shí)用who, whom, whose
  
  he had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
  
  在修飾物時(shí)用 which
  
  3. 限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句子不可或缺的部分,去掉會(huì)造成句意不清;而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只是補(bǔ)充說明的作用,有無(wú)對(duì)句意影響不大,翻譯時(shí)常譯作獨(dú)立的句子,而不是定語(yǔ)
  
  對(duì)比下列句子:
  
  he refused to reveal the man who had beaten him black and blue. (man是特定的)
  
  i no longer live in beijing,  where air pollution did great harm to my health.
  
  (beijing是眾所周知的,無(wú)需限定,若限定則意味著世界上有不止一個(gè)北京)
  
  toefl考的基本都是限定性定語(yǔ)從句。

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