情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法
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should屬于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,意為“應(yīng)該”,表示主觀看法:也可以表示建議、勸告等?捎糜诟鞣N人稱(chēng)。should 一詞在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本中出現(xiàn)頻率很高。它的用法靈活、含義豐富,因而一直是歷年高考關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),大學(xué)階段的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中也常常遇到這個(gè)詞,尤其是在寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中使用更加頻繁。新東方國(guó)內(nèi)冬令營(yíng)現(xiàn)將其具體用法分述如下:
should屬于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,意為“應(yīng)該”,表示主觀看法:也可以表示建議、勸告等?捎糜诟鞣N人稱(chēng)。should 一詞在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)課本中出現(xiàn)頻率很高。它的用法靈活、含義豐富,因而一直是歷年高考關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),大學(xué)階段的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中也常常遇到這個(gè)詞,尤其是在寫(xiě)作當(dāng)中使用更加頻繁。新東方國(guó)內(nèi)冬令營(yíng)現(xiàn)將其具體用法分述如下:
一、 should 作為助動(dòng)詞 shall 的過(guò)去式,可以在間接引語(yǔ)中與第一人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)搭配,表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間。例如
the group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon.
小組長(zhǎng)宣布:我們不久就開(kāi)始工作。
a week ago, i told him that i should (= would) go to beijing the next day.
一個(gè)星期以前,我告訴他我第二天就去北京。
二、 should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,通常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的責(zé)任或義務(wù),譯作“應(yīng)該”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”,這時(shí)它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互換使用。例如:
you should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
你們應(yīng)該按時(shí)做完你們的實(shí)驗(yàn)。
you should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once.
你應(yīng)該立即把此事告訴你媽媽。
in sum, theory should be combined with practice.
總之,理論應(yīng)該與實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合。
三、should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可以用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,表示語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè),譯作“萬(wàn)一”、“竟然”,這時(shí)也可將 should 置于從句之首,即將 should 放在主語(yǔ)前面,而省略從屬連詞 if .例如:
if you should fail to come, ask mrs chen to work in your place. (= should you fail to come, ask mrs chen to work in your place. ) 萬(wàn)一你來(lái)不了,就叫陳夫人代替你。
if anyone should come, say i am not at home. (= should anyone come, say i am not at home. ) 萬(wàn)一有人來(lái)訪,就說(shuō)我不在家。
if it should rain tomorrow, i wouldn't go. (= should it rain tomorrow, i wouldn't go.)
萬(wàn)一明天天下雨,我就不去了。
四、 should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可以表示謙遜、客氣、委婉之意,譯為“可……”、“倒……”。例如:
i should say that it would be better to try it again.
我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。
you are mistaken, i should say. 據(jù)我看,你搞錯(cuò)了。
he should expect their basketball team to win the match.
他倒是希望他們的籃球隊(duì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的勝利。
should you like some tea ? 你可喜歡喝茶?
五、 should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可以用來(lái)表示意外、驚喜或者在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)是不可思議的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等開(kāi)頭的修辭疑問(wèn)句或某些感嘆句中常常譯為“竟會(huì)”、“居然”。例如:
how should i know it ? 我怎么會(huì)知道這件事?
why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎么來(lái)得這么晚?
when i went out, whom should i meet but my old friend xiao li ! 當(dāng)我出去時(shí),想不到竟會(huì)碰見(jiàn)我的老朋友小李!
i don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.
我不明白為什么他居然不愉快。
六、 should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可以用來(lái)表示有較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的猜測(cè)、推論,通常譯為“可能”、“總該……吧”,相當(dāng)于 be expected to .例如:
they should be home by now, i think. 我想現(xiàn)在他們總該到家了吧。
the report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.
這份報(bào)告是經(jīng)過(guò)周密調(diào)查后才寫(xiě)成的,所以應(yīng)該是可靠的。
七、 should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句和 in case (that) 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,有“能夠”、“可能”、“會(huì)”之意。例如:
they got up early so that they should (= could/ might) catch the first bus in time.
他們起得很早以便能及時(shí)趕上頭班公交車(chē)。
he is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.
他努力工作,唯恐落在別人后面。
we went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.
我們把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要點(diǎn)。
he took an umbrella in case (that) it should rain.
他帶了一把雨傘,以防天下雨。
八、 should 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可以用于下列虛擬語(yǔ)氣句中:
1. 用在表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,構(gòu)成“ if …… should (do sth)……, …… would/ could/ might (do sth.) …… ”句式。例如:
if it should (或 were to ) rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (= should it rain tomorrow/ were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.)
如果明天天下雨,運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就會(huì)延期舉行。
2. 用在 suggest (propose), arrange, plan, decide,, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示“建議”、“要求”、“命令”、“決定”、“安排”、“計(jì)劃”、“主張”的動(dòng)詞后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句中。這里的 should 也可以省略。例如:
he suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they (should) read the rules carefully.
他建議 / 提議 / 要求 / 勸告他們要仔細(xì)閱讀這些規(guī)則。
the doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for another week.
醫(yī)生囑咐她再臥床休息一個(gè)星期。
he insisted that we (should )take up the matter at the meeting.
他堅(jiān)持要我們?cè)跁?huì)上提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
3. 用在“ it is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之后由 that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中, should 也可以省略。