環(huán)球雅思英語學(xué)習(xí)冬令營

謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致。主謂一致一般遵循三條原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

　　1. 語法一致的原則

　　（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

　　he goes to school early every morning.

　　the children are playing outside.

　　to work hard is necessary for a student.

　�。�2）由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　both he and i are right.

　　mr black and mrs black have a son called tom.

　　但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：

　　his teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

　　the poet and writer has come.

　�。�3）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：

　　in our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

　　each man and each woman is asked to help.

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　�。�4）主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如：
　　the teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

　　nobody but two boys was late for class.

　　bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

　　（5） 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　a lot of people are dancing outside.

　　the police are looking for lost boy.

　�。�6）由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如：

　　is everybody ready?

　　somebody is using the phone.

　�。�7）有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　where are my shoes? i can’t find them.

　　your trousers are dirty. you’d better change them.

　　如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　here are some new pairs of shoes.

　　my new pair of socks is on the bed.

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