來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng)    點(diǎn)擊率:    發(fā)布: 2013-8-28

要想說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該學(xué)一點(diǎn)語(yǔ)音知識(shí)。下面是新航道冬令營(yíng)總結(jié)的有關(guān)語(yǔ)音方面的一些基本知識(shí)，供你參考。

      要想說(shuō)好英語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該學(xué)一點(diǎn)語(yǔ)音知識(shí)。下面是新航道冬令營(yíng)總結(jié)的有關(guān)語(yǔ)音方面的一些基本知識(shí)，供你參考。

    1.關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念

    1)  字母：語(yǔ)言的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

    2)  音標(biāo)：詞的語(yǔ)音形式。

    3)  音素：音的最小的單位。英語(yǔ)中有48音素。

    4)  音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

    5)  元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂(lè)音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20元音。

    6)  輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28輔音。

    7)  開(kāi)音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi

    8)  閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it

    9)  重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。

    2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括號(hào)是電腦無(wú)法輸入的音標(biāo))

    1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

    2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth

    3) [e] bed, desk, head,

    4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp

    5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

    6) [ ] hot, want

    7) [  ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

    8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,

    9) [u] look, put, women, could

    10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough

    11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse

    12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, saturday

    13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

    14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

    15) [  ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

    16) [au] house, town

    17) [  ] boy, oil

    18) [  ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

    19) [  ] pear, care, there, fair

    20) [  ] tour, poor,

    3. 容易混淆的元音

    1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

    2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

    3) [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

    4) [au] [  ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

    5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don

    4. 輔音

    1) [p] pen,

    2) [b] bed, comb

    3) [t] tell,

    4) [d], day, played, wanted

    5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

    6) [g] big, go, guess, language

    7) [m] man

    8) [n] nine, knife, autumn

    9) [ ] bank, uncle, english, sing,

    10) [l] land, world

    11) [r] read, write,

    12) [f] five, cough, laugh

    13) [v] voice, of

    14) [ ] think,

    15) [ ] this, bathe

    16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

    17) [z] zoo, close,

    18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation

    19) [ ] pleasure,

    20) [h] hot, who, hour

    21) [w] wall, what, answer

    22) [j] yes

    23) [  ] child, teach, catch

    24) [  ] joke, bridge,

    25) [ts] boats

    26) [dz] goods

    27) [tr] tree

    28) [dr] dream

    5. 容易混淆的輔音

    1)  [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

    2)  [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

    3)  [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

    4)  [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

    6. 讀音規(guī)則

    1)  重讀音節(jié)(見(jiàn)元音和輔音的例句)

    2)  非重讀音節(jié) [ ] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, monday

    7. 特殊讀音

    1）音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開(kāi)頭，這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開(kāi)頭的元音連讀。例如：not at all, half an hour, i love you and all. after all

    2）失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

    3）音的同化：兩個(gè)特殊的音碰到一起，會(huì)發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。例如：would you do it? i am glad to meet you. can't you see it? last year, this year,

    8. 重音

    1)單詞重音

    a)雙音節(jié)詞

    a)一般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorry

    b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,  im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

    c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-  等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類(lèi)有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

    d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞，有兩個(gè)重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

    b)多音節(jié)詞

    a)一般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

    b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來(lái)詞根的重音讀音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

    c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

    d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, japa'nese, ciga'rette

    2)句子重音

    a) 英語(yǔ)的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重

    b) 英語(yǔ)句子的長(zhǎng)短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語(yǔ)那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。

    c) 實(shí)詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀(冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱(chēng)代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be

    d) 實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況

    a) 實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn) he thinks of that as a child thinks.

    b)  一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾 i met her in the railway station.

    c) 代替詞 which book do you want? the small one.

    d)  感嘆詞中的 what 和how what a good day it is! how beautiful she is!

    e) street 在專(zhuān)有名詞中 wangfujing street.

    f)this在這些短語(yǔ)中，this morning/afternoon/evening

    e)虛詞重讀的特殊情況

    a) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首，句尾和否定時(shí)。do you like it? yes, i do. are you a doctor? yes, i am. can you help me? yes, i can.  i don't like you. he isn't a worker.

    b) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時(shí)。they may come this evening. can it be five already? he must be in the room.

    c) 介詞在句首和句尾。in the box, he found a letter. he is the person i talked with.

    d) 引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。if you wish, i'll visit you. when he comes, i'll tell him.

    e)反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。he couldn't come himself