when，where，why作為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，總稱為關(guān)系副詞。下面用句子合并的方法分析它們的使用。

一、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句

請分析下面兩個(gè)簡單句：

句①i know a garden.

句②you can find wild strawberries there.

把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，句①中的agarden做定語從句的先行詞。在句②中there指句①中提到的agarden也就是定語從句的先行詞，there在句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，因此要用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替句②中的there，也就是說there就不能出現(xiàn)在定語從句中了。由此得到句③i know a garden where you can find wild strawberries.

句②還可以寫作句④you can find wild strawberries in it(it指句①中的garden，“在花園中”要使用介詞短語in the garden)。把句④變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，因?yàn)閕t做介詞in的賓語，先行詞是agarden，指物。在這種定語從句中介詞常常提到定語從句的開始，這時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能使用which替代it，it就不能在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句⑤即：i know a garden in which you can find wild strawberries.

請把下面每組的兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。

第一組：

this is the village.

i was born there.

→this is the village where i was born.

第二組：

the lab is not far from here.

the chemist often does experiments there.

→the lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here.

二、when引導(dǎo)的定語從句

請分析下面兩個(gè)簡單句：

句①we shall remember the days.

句②we studied together then.

把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，句①中的the days做定語從句的先行詞。在句②中then指句①中提到的the days，也就是定語從句的先行詞，then在句中做時(shí)間狀語，因此要用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，代替句②中的then，也就是說then就不能出現(xiàn)在定語從句中了。由此得到句③we shall remember the days when we studied together.

句②還可以寫作句④we studied together during the days.(介詞短語during the days含義為“在這些日子里”)。把句④變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，因?yàn)閠he days做介詞during的賓語，先行詞是the days，指物，在定語從句中介詞during提前，用關(guān)系代詞which替代the days，the days就不能在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句⑤we shall remember the days during which we studies together.

請把下面每組的兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。

第一組：

i've always longed for the days.

i should be able to be independent then.

→i've always longed for the days when i should be able to be independent.

第二組：

there are moments.

i forget all about it then.

→there are moments when i forget all about it.

三、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

請分析下面兩個(gè)簡單句：

句①he wanted to know the reason.

句②i was late for the reason.

把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ從句，句①中的the reasons做定語從句的先行詞。因?yàn)閠he reason做介詞for的賓語，先行詞是the reason指物，在定語從句中介詞for提前，用關(guān)系代詞which替代the reason，the reason就不能在定語從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句③he wanted to know the reason for which i was late.

注意：在定語從句中當(dāng)先行詞為the reason(s)，定語從句由for which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，可以用why代替for which。由此我們得到句⑤he wanted to know the reason why i was late.

請把下面兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ從句。

the reason is not very convincing.

he came for the reason.

→the reason why he came is not very convincing.

the reason for which he came is not very convincing.