動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的用法
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式既包括動(dòng)名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞,在英語(yǔ)中使用極其廣泛,同時(shí)也是高考中的重要考點(diǎn),因此要求每位高中學(xué)生對(duì)其都應(yīng)清楚了解并正確運(yùn)用。下面就動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句中做定語(yǔ)總結(jié)如下:
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)在句中通常有兩個(gè)位置,如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語(yǔ);如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語(yǔ)。如:
1.he is an attacking player.他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
2.he asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問(wèn)題。
3.a little child learning to walk often falls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。
4.do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道來(lái)參加晚會(huì)的人數(shù)嗎?
注意:當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。如:
1.a young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→a young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.
一位寫小說(shuō)的青年昨天來(lái)向我們作報(bào)告。
2.the girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→the girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。
-ing形式做定語(yǔ)通常從以下三方面考查,即:
1)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的性質(zhì),特征或用途。如:
1.they set up an operating table in a small temple.他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)架設(shè)在一座小廟里。
2.he may be in the reading room,for all i know.他說(shuō)不定在閱覽室里。
3.ladies and gentlemen,please go and wait in the meeting room.女士們先生們,請(qǐng)去會(huì)議室等待。
2)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
1.there were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
2.who is the woman talking to our english teacher?
正在和我們英語(yǔ)老師談話的那位婦女是誰(shuí)?
3)有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,常做定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾物,表示“令人……”。常用的此類詞有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:
1.that must have been a terrifying experience.那準(zhǔn)時(shí)一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。
2.the experiment was an amazing success.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個(gè)驚人的成功。
3.there is a page missing from this book.這本書缺了一頁(yè)。
除了-ing形式能做定語(yǔ)外,如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,就用它的被動(dòng)式,即being done.being doing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定語(yǔ)。如:
1.the tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。
2.the question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被討論的問(wèn)題是被校長(zhǎng)提出的。